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+/*************************************************************************
+ Title : C include file for the HD44780U LCD library (lcd.c)
+ Author: Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch> http://tinyurl.com/peterfleury
+ License: GNU General Public License Version 3
+ File: $Id: lcd.h,v 1.14.2.4 2015/01/20 17:16:07 peter Exp $
+ Software: AVR-GCC 4.x
+ Hardware: any AVR device, memory mapped mode only for AVR with
+ memory mapped interface (AT90S8515/ATmega8515/ATmega128)
+***************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ @mainpage
+ Collection of libraries for AVR-GCC
+ @author Peter Fleury pfleury@gmx.ch http://tinyurl.com/peterfleury
+ @copyright (C) 2015 Peter Fleury, GNU General Public License Version 3
+
+ @file
+ @defgroup pfleury_lcd LCD library <lcd.h>
+ @code #include <lcd.h> @endcode
+
+ @brief Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based character LCD display
+
+ LCD character displays can be found in many devices, like espresso machines, laser printers.
+ The Hitachi HD44780 controller and its compatible controllers like Samsung KS0066U have become an industry standard for these types of displays.
+
+ This library allows easy interfacing with a HD44780 compatible display and can be
+ operated in memory mapped mode (LCD_IO_MODE defined as 0 in the include file lcd.h.) or in
+ 4-bit IO port mode (LCD_IO_MODE defined as 1). 8-bit IO port mode is not supported.
+
+ Memory mapped mode is compatible with old Kanda STK200 starter kit, but also supports
+ generation of R/W signal through A8 address line.
+
+ @see The chapter <a href=" http://homepage.hispeed.ch/peterfleury/avr-lcd44780.html" target="_blank">Interfacing a HD44780 Based LCD to an AVR</a>
+ on my home page, which shows example circuits how to connect an LCD to an AVR controller.
+
+ @author Peter Fleury pfleury@gmx.ch http://tinyurl.com/peterfleury
+
+ @version 2.0
+
+ @copyright (C) 2015 Peter Fleury, GNU General Public License Version 3
+
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
+
+#if (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) < 405
+# error "This library requires AVR-GCC 4.5 or later, update to newer AVR-GCC compiler !"
+#endif
+
+/**@{*/
+
+/*
+ * LCD and target specific definitions below can be defined in a separate include file with name lcd_definitions.h instead modifying this file
+ * by adding -D_LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE to the CDEFS section in the Makefile
+ * All definitions added to the file lcd_definitions.h will override the default definitions from lcd.h
+ */
+#ifdef _LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE
+# include "lcd_definitions.h"
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @name Definition for LCD controller type
+ * Use 0 for HD44780 controller, change to 1 for displays with KS0073 controller.
+ */
+#ifndef LCD_CONTROLLER_KS0073
+# define LCD_CONTROLLER_KS0073 0 /**< Use 0 for HD44780 controller, 1 for KS0073 controller */
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @name Definitions for Display Size
+ * Change these definitions to adapt setting to your display
+ *
+ * These definitions can be defined in a separate include file \b lcd_definitions.h instead modifying this file by
+ * adding -D_LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE to the CDEFS section in the Makefile.
+ * All definitions added to the file lcd_definitions.h will override the default definitions from lcd.h
+ *
+ */
+#ifndef LCD_LINES
+# define LCD_LINES 2 /**< number of visible lines of the display */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_DISP_LENGTH
+# define LCD_DISP_LENGTH 16 /**< visibles characters per line of the display */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_LINE_LENGTH
+# define LCD_LINE_LENGTH 0x40 /**< internal line length of the display */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_START_LINE1
+# define LCD_START_LINE1 0x00 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 1 */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_START_LINE2
+# define LCD_START_LINE2 0x40 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 2 */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_START_LINE3
+# define LCD_START_LINE3 0x14 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 3 */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_START_LINE4
+# define LCD_START_LINE4 0x54 /**< DDRAM address of first char of line 4 */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_WRAP_LINES
+# define LCD_WRAP_LINES 0 /**< 0: no wrap, 1: wrap at end of visibile line */
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @name Definitions for 4-bit IO mode
+ *
+ * The four LCD data lines and the three control lines RS, RW, E can be on the
+ * same port or on different ports.
+ * Change LCD_RS_PORT, LCD_RW_PORT, LCD_E_PORT if you want the control lines on
+ * different ports.
+ *
+ * Normally the four data lines should be mapped to bit 0..3 on one port, but it
+ * is possible to connect these data lines in different order or even on different
+ * ports by adapting the LCD_DATAx_PORT and LCD_DATAx_PIN definitions.
+ *
+ * Adjust these definitions to your target.\n
+ * These definitions can be defined in a separate include file \b lcd_definitions.h instead modifying this file by
+ * adding \b -D_LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE to the \b CDEFS section in the Makefile.
+ * All definitions added to the file lcd_definitions.h will override the default definitions from lcd.h
+ *
+ */
+#define LCD_IO_MODE 1 /**< 0: memory mapped mode, 1: IO port mode */
+
+#if LCD_IO_MODE
+
+# ifndef LCD_PORT
+# define LCD_PORT PORTA /**< port for the LCD lines */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_DATA0_PORT
+# define LCD_DATA0_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 0 */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_DATA1_PORT
+# define LCD_DATA1_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 1 */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_DATA2_PORT
+# define LCD_DATA2_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 2 */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_DATA3_PORT
+# define LCD_DATA3_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for 4bit data bit 3 */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_DATA0_PIN
+# define LCD_DATA0_PIN 4 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 0 */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_DATA1_PIN
+# define LCD_DATA1_PIN 5 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 1 */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_DATA2_PIN
+# define LCD_DATA2_PIN 6 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 2 */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_DATA3_PIN
+# define LCD_DATA3_PIN 7 /**< pin for 4bit data bit 3 */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_RS_PORT
+# define LCD_RS_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for RS line */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_RS_PIN
+# define LCD_RS_PIN 3 /**< pin for RS line */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_RW_PORT
+# define LCD_RW_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for RW line */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_RW_PIN
+# define LCD_RW_PIN 2 /**< pin for RW line */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_E_PORT
+# define LCD_E_PORT LCD_PORT /**< port for Enable line */
+# endif
+# ifndef LCD_E_PIN
+# define LCD_E_PIN 1 /**< pin for Enable line */
+# endif
+
+#elif defined(__AVR_AT90S4414__) || defined(__AVR_AT90S8515__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega64__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega8515__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega103__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega128__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega161__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega162__)
+/*
+ * memory mapped mode is only supported when the device has an external data memory interface
+ */
+# define LCD_IO_DATA 0xC000 /* A15=E=1, A14=RS=1 */
+# define LCD_IO_FUNCTION 0x8000 /* A15=E=1, A14=RS=0 */
+# define LCD_IO_READ 0x0100 /* A8 =R/W=1 (R/W: 1=Read, 0=Write */
+
+#else
+# error "external data memory interface not available for this device, use 4-bit IO port mode"
+
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @name Definitions of delays
+ * Used to calculate delay timers.
+ * Adapt the F_CPU define in the Makefile to the clock frequency in Hz of your target
+ *
+ * These delay times can be adjusted, if some displays require different delays.\n
+ * These definitions can be defined in a separate include file \b lcd_definitions.h instead modifying this file by
+ * adding \b -D_LCD_DEFINITIONS_FILE to the \b CDEFS section in the Makefile.
+ * All definitions added to the file lcd_definitions.h will override the default definitions from lcd.h
+ */
+#ifndef LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP
+# define LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP 16000 /**< delay in micro seconds after power-on */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_DELAY_INIT
+# define LCD_DELAY_INIT 5000 /**< delay in micro seconds after initialization command sent */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP
+# define LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP 64 /**< delay in micro seconds after initialization command repeated */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_DELAY_INIT_4BIT
+# define LCD_DELAY_INIT_4BIT 64 /**< delay in micro seconds after setting 4-bit mode */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_DELAY_BUSY_FLAG
+# define LCD_DELAY_BUSY_FLAG 4 /**< time in micro seconds the address counter is updated after busy flag is cleared */
+#endif
+#ifndef LCD_DELAY_ENABLE_PULSE
+# define LCD_DELAY_ENABLE_PULSE 1 /**< enable signal pulse width in micro seconds */
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @name Definitions for LCD command instructions
+ * The constants define the various LCD controller instructions which can be passed to the
+ * function lcd_command(), see HD44780 data sheet for a complete description.
+ */
+
+/* instruction register bit positions, see HD44780U data sheet */
+#define LCD_CLR 0 /* DB0: clear display */
+#define LCD_HOME 1 /* DB1: return to home position */
+#define LCD_ENTRY_MODE 2 /* DB2: set entry mode */
+#define LCD_ENTRY_INC 1 /* DB1: 1=increment, 0=decrement */
+#define LCD_ENTRY_SHIFT 0 /* DB2: 1=display shift on */
+#define LCD_ON 3 /* DB3: turn lcd/cursor on */
+#define LCD_ON_DISPLAY 2 /* DB2: turn display on */
+#define LCD_ON_CURSOR 1 /* DB1: turn cursor on */
+#define LCD_ON_BLINK 0 /* DB0: blinking cursor ? */
+#define LCD_MOVE 4 /* DB4: move cursor/display */
+#define LCD_MOVE_DISP 3 /* DB3: move display (0-> cursor) ? */
+#define LCD_MOVE_RIGHT 2 /* DB2: move right (0-> left) ? */
+#define LCD_FUNCTION 5 /* DB5: function set */
+#define LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT 4 /* DB4: set 8BIT mode (0->4BIT mode) */
+#define LCD_FUNCTION_2LINES 3 /* DB3: two lines (0->one line) */
+#define LCD_FUNCTION_10DOTS 2 /* DB2: 5x10 font (0->5x7 font) */
+#define LCD_CGRAM 6 /* DB6: set CG RAM address */
+#define LCD_DDRAM 7 /* DB7: set DD RAM address */
+#define LCD_BUSY 7 /* DB7: LCD is busy */
+
+/* set entry mode: display shift on/off, dec/inc cursor move direction */
+#define LCD_ENTRY_DEC 0x04 /* display shift off, dec cursor move dir */
+#define LCD_ENTRY_DEC_SHIFT 0x05 /* display shift on, dec cursor move dir */
+#define LCD_ENTRY_INC_ 0x06 /* display shift off, inc cursor move dir */
+#define LCD_ENTRY_INC_SHIFT 0x07 /* display shift on, inc cursor move dir */
+
+/* display on/off, cursor on/off, blinking char at cursor position */
+#define LCD_DISP_OFF 0x08 /* display off */
+#define LCD_DISP_ON 0x0C /* display on, cursor off */
+#define LCD_DISP_ON_BLINK 0x0D /* display on, cursor off, blink char */
+#define LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR 0x0E /* display on, cursor on */
+#define LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR_BLINK 0x0F /* display on, cursor on, blink char */
+
+/* move cursor/shift display */
+#define LCD_MOVE_CURSOR_LEFT 0x10 /* move cursor left (decrement) */
+#define LCD_MOVE_CURSOR_RIGHT 0x14 /* move cursor right (increment) */
+#define LCD_MOVE_DISP_LEFT 0x18 /* shift display left */
+#define LCD_MOVE_DISP_RIGHT 0x1C /* shift display right */
+
+/* function set: set interface data length and number of display lines */
+#define LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE 0x20 /* 4-bit interface, single line, 5x7 dots */
+#define LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_2LINES 0x28 /* 4-bit interface, dual line, 5x7 dots */
+#define LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE 0x30 /* 8-bit interface, single line, 5x7 dots */
+#define LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_2LINES 0x38 /* 8-bit interface, dual line, 5x7 dots */
+
+#define LCD_MODE_DEFAULT ((1 << LCD_ENTRY_MODE) | (1 << LCD_ENTRY_INC))
+
+/**
+ * @name Functions
+ */
+
+/**
+ @brief Initialize display and select type of cursor
+ @param dispAttr \b LCD_DISP_OFF display off\n
+ \b LCD_DISP_ON display on, cursor off\n
+ \b LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR display on, cursor on\n
+ \b LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR_BLINK display on, cursor on flashing
+ @return none
+*/
+extern void lcd_init(uint8_t dispAttr);
+
+/**
+ @brief Clear display and set cursor to home position
+ @return none
+*/
+extern void lcd_clrscr(void);
+
+/**
+ @brief Set cursor to home position
+ @return none
+*/
+extern void lcd_home(void);
+
+/**
+ @brief Set cursor to specified position
+
+ @param x horizontal position\n (0: left most position)
+ @param y vertical position\n (0: first line)
+ @return none
+*/
+extern void lcd_gotoxy(uint8_t x, uint8_t y);
+
+/**
+ @brief Display character at current cursor position
+ @param c character to be displayed
+ @return none
+*/
+extern void lcd_putc(char c);
+
+/**
+ @brief Display string without auto linefeed
+ @param s string to be displayed
+ @return none
+*/
+extern void lcd_puts(const char *s);
+
+/**
+ @brief Display string from program memory without auto linefeed
+ @param progmem_s string from program memory be be displayed
+ @return none
+ @see lcd_puts_P
+*/
+extern void lcd_puts_p(const char *progmem_s);
+
+/**
+ @brief Send LCD controller instruction command
+ @param cmd instruction to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
+ @return none
+*/
+extern void lcd_command(uint8_t cmd);
+
+/**
+ @brief Send data byte to LCD controller
+
+ Similar to lcd_putc(), but without interpreting LF
+ @param data byte to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
+ @return none
+*/
+extern void lcd_data(uint8_t data);
+
+/**
+ @brief macros for automatically storing string constant in program memory
+*/
+#define lcd_puts_P(__s) lcd_puts_p(PSTR(__s))
+
+/**@}*/