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/** \file
*
* This file contains special DoxyGen information for the generation of the main page and other special
* documentation pages. It is not a project source file.
*/
/** \mainpage DFU Class USB AVR Bootloader
*
* \section Sec_Compat Demo Compatibility:
*
* The following list indicates what microcontrollers are compatible with this demo.
*
* \li Series 7 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx7)
* \li Series 6 USB AVRs (AT90USBxxx6)
* \li Series 4 USB AVRs (ATMEGAxxU4) - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
* \li Series 2 USB AVRs (AT90USBxx2, ATMEGAxxU2) - <i>See \ref SSec_Aux_Space</i>
*
* \section Sec_Info USB Information:
*
* The following table gives a rundown of the USB utilization of this demo.
*
* <table>
* <tr>
* <td><b>USB Mode:</b></td>
* <td>Device</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td><b>USB Class:</b></td>
* <td>Device Firmware Update Class (DFU)</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td><b>USB Subclass:</b></td>
* <td>None</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td><b>Relevant Standards:</b></td>
* <td>USBIF DFU Class Standard, Atmel USB Bootloader Datasheet</td>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td><b>Supported USB Speeds:</b></td>
* <td>Low Speed Mode \n
* Full Speed Mode</td>
* </tr>
* </table>
*
* \section Sec_Description Project Description:
*
* This bootloader enumerates to the host as a DFU Class device, allowing for DFU-compatible programming
* software to load firmware onto the AVR.
*
* Out of the box this bootloader builds for the AT90USB1287 with an 8KB bootloader section size, and will fit
* into 4KB of bootloader space. If you wish to alter this size and/or change the AVR model, you will need to
* edit the MCU, FLASH_SIZE_KB and BOOT_SECTION_SIZE_KB values in the accompanying makefile.
*
* When the bootloader is running, the board's LED(s) will flash at regular intervals to distinguish the
* bootloader from the normal user application.
*
* \section Sec_Running Running the Bootloader
*
* This bootloader is designed to be started via the HWB mechanism of the USB AVRs; ground the HWB pin (see device
* datasheet) then momentarily ground /RESET to start the bootloader. This assumes the HWBE fuse is set and the BOOTRST
* fuse is cleared.
*
* For board specific exceptions to the above, see below.
*
* \subsection SSec_XPLAIN Atmel Xplain Board
* Ground the USB AVR JTAG's \c TCK pin to ground when powering on the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the
* \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
*
* \subsection SSec_Leonardo Arduino Leonardo Board
* Ground \c IO13 when powering the board to start the bootloader. This assumes the \c HWBE fuse is cleared and the
* \c BOOTRST fuse is set as the HWBE pin is not user accessible on this board.
*
* \section Sec_Installation Driver Installation
*
* This bootloader is designed to be compatible with Atmel's provided Windows DFU class drivers. You will need to
* install Atmel's DFU drivers prior to using this bootloader on Windows platforms. If you are using a 64 bit Windows
* OS, you will need to either disable the driver signing requirement (see online tutorials for details) or use a
* digitally signed version of the official Atmel driver provided by a third party AVR user at
* <a>http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?module=Freaks%20Academy&func=viewItem&item_id=2196&item_type=project</a>.
*
* \note This device spoofs Atmel's DFU Bootloader USB VID and PID so that the Atmel DFU bootloader
* drivers included with FLIP will work. If you do not wish to use Atmel's ID codes, please
* manually change them in Descriptors.c and alter your driver's INF file accordingly.
*
* \section Sec_HostApp Host Controller Application
*
* This bootloader is compatible with Atmel's FLIP utility on Windows machines, and dfu-programmer on Linux machines.
*
* \subsection SSec_FLIP FLIP (Windows)
*
* FLIP (Flexible In-System Programmer) is a utility written by Atmel, and distributed for free on the Atmel website.
* The FLIP utility is designed to assist in the bootloader programming of a range of Atmel devices, through several
* popular physical interfaces including USB. It is written in Java, however makes use of native extensions for USB
* support and thus is only offered on Windows.
*
* To program a device using FLIP, refer to the Atmel FLIP documentation.
*
* \subsection SSec_DFUProgrammer dfu-programmer (Linux)
*
* dfu-programmer is an open-source command line solution for the bootloader programming of Atmel devices through a
* USB connection, using the DFU protocol, available for download at <a>http://sourceforge.net/projects/dfu-programmer/</a>.
*
* The following example loads a HEX file into the AVR's FLASH memory using dfu-programmer:
* \code
* dfu-programmer at90usb1287 erase flash Mouse.hex
* \endcode
*
* \section Sec_API User Application API
*
* Several user application functions for FLASH and other special memory area manipulations are exposed by the bootloader,
* allowing the user application to call into the bootloader at runtime to read and write FLASH data.
*
* \warning The APIs exposed by the DFU class bootloader are \b NOT compatible with the API exposed by the official Atmel DFU bootloader.
*
* By default, the bootloader API jump table is located 32 bytes from the end of the device's FLASH memory, and follows the
* following layout:
*
* \code
* #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE 32
* #define BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START ((FLASHEND + 1UL) - BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE)
* #define BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(Index) (void*)((BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (Index * 2)) / 2)
*
* void (*BootloaderAPI_ErasePage)(uint32_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(0);
* void (*BootloaderAPI_WritePage)(uint32_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(1);
* void (*BootloaderAPI_FillWord)(uint32_t Address, uint16_t Word) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(2);
* uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadSignature)(uint16_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(3);
* uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadFuse)(uint16_t Address) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(4);
* uint8_t (*BootloaderAPI_ReadLock)(void) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(5);
* void (*BootloaderAPI_WriteLock)(uint8_t LockBits) = BOOTLOADER_API_CALL(6);
*
* #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 2))
* #define BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE 0xDCFB
*
* #define BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 4))
* #define BOOTLOADER_DFU_SIGNATURE 0xDF10
*
* #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_START + (BOOTLOADER_API_TABLE_SIZE - 8))
* #define BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_LENGTH 4
* \endcode
*
* From the application the API support of the bootloader can be detected by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address
* \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them to the value \c BOOTLOADER_MAGIC_SIGNATURE. The class of bootloader
* can be determined by reading the FLASH memory bytes located at address \c BOOTLOADER_CLASS_SIGNATURE_START and comparing them
* to the value \c BOOTLOADER_DFU_SIGNATURE. The start address of the bootloader can be retrieved by reading the bytes of FLASH
* memory starting from address \c BOOTLOADER_ADDRESS_START.
*
* \subsection SSec_API_MemLayout Device Memory Map
* The following illustration indicates the final memory map of the device when loaded with the bootloader.
*
* \verbatim
* +----------------------------+ 0x0000
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | User Application |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* | |
* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE
* | Booloader Start Trampoline |
* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - (BOOT_AUX_SECTION_SIZE - 4)
* | |
* | Auxillery Bootloader |
* | Space for Smaller Devices |
* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
* | |
* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - BOOT_SECTION_SIZE
* | |
* | Bootloader Application |
* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
* | |
* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 96
* | API Table Trampolines |
* | (Not User App. Accessible) |
* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 32
* | Bootloader API Table |
* | (User App. Accessible) |
* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND - 8
* | Bootloader ID Constants |
* | (User App. Accessible) |
* +----------------------------+ FLASHEND
* \endverbatim
*
* \subsection SSec_Aux_Space Auxiliary Bootloader Section
* To make the bootloader function on smaller devices (those with a physical
* bootloader section of smaller than 6KB)
*
* \section Sec_KnownIssues Known Issues:
*
* \par On Linux machines, the DFU bootloader is inaccessible.
* On many Linux systems, non-root users do not have automatic access to newly
* inserted DFU devices. Root privileges or a UDEV rule is required to gain
* access.
* See <a href=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lufa-support/CP9cy2bc8yo/kBqsOu-RBeMJ>here</a> for resolution steps.
*
* \par After loading an application, it is not run automatically on startup.
* Some USB AVR boards ship with the BOOTRST fuse set, causing the bootloader
* to run automatically when the device is reset. In most cases, the BOOTRST
* fuse should be disabled and the HWBE fuse used instead to run the bootloader
* when needed.
*
* \section Sec_Options Project Options
*
* The following defines can be found in this demo, which can control the demo behaviour when defined, or changed in value.
*
* <table>
* <tr>
* <th><b>Define Name:</b></th>
* <th><b>Location:</b></th>
* <th><b>Description:</b></th>
* </tr>
* <tr>
* <td>SECURE_MODE</td>
* <td>AppConfig.h</td>
* <td>If defined to \c true, the bootloader will not accept any memory commands other than a chip erase on start-up, until an
* erase has been performed. This can be used in conjunction with the AVR's lockbits to prevent the AVRs firmware from
* being dumped by unauthorized persons. When false, all memory operations are allowed at any time.</td>
* </tr>
* </table>
*/
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