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diff --git a/docs/hardware_keyboard_guidelines.md b/docs/hardware_keyboard_guidelines.md index 67af78838a..c8aec40e07 100644 --- a/docs/hardware_keyboard_guidelines.md +++ b/docs/hardware_keyboard_guidelines.md @@ -1,107 +1,120 @@ # QMK Keyboard Guidelines -We welcome all keyboard projects into QMK, but ask that you try to stick to a couple guidelines that help us keep things organised and consistent. +Since starting, QMK has grown by leaps and bounds thanks to people like you who contribute to creating and maintaining our community keyboards. As we've grown we've discovered some patterns that work well, and ask that you conform to them to make it easier for other people to benefit from your hard work. + ## Naming Your Keyboard/Project -All names should be lowercase alphanumeric, and separated by an underscore (`_`), but not begin with one. Your directory and your `.h` and `.c` files should have exactly the same name. All folders should follow the same format. `test`, `keyboard`, and `all` are reserved by make and are not a valid name for a keyboard. +All keyboard names are in lower case, consisting only of letters, numbers, and underscore (`_`). Names may not begin with an underscore. Forward slash (`/`) is used as a sub-folder separation character. -## `readme.md` +The names `test`, `keyboard`, and `all` are reserved for make commands and may not be used as a keyboard or subfolder name. -All projects need to have a `readme.md` file that explains what the keyboard is, who made it, where it is available, and links to more information. Please follow the [published template](documentation_templates.md#keyboard-readmemd-template). +Valid Examples: -## Image/Hardware Files +* `412_64` +* `chimera_ortho` +* `clueboard/66/rev3` +* `planck` +* `v60_type_r` -In an effort to keep the repo size down, we're no longer accepting images of any format in the repo, with few exceptions. Hosting them elsewhere (imgur) and linking them in the `readme.md` is the preferred method. +## Sub-folders -Any sort of hardware file (plate, case, pcb) can't be stored in qmk_firmware, but we have the [qmk.fm repo](https://github.com/qmk/qmk.fm) where such files (as well as in-depth info) can be stored and viewed on [qmk.fm](http://qmk.fm). Downloadable files are stored in `/<keyboard>/` (name follows the same format as above) which are served at `http://qmk.fm/<keyboard>/`, and pages are generated from `/_pages/<keyboard>/` which are served at the same location (.md files are generated into .html files through Jekyll). Check out the `lets_split` directory for an example. +QMK uses sub-folders both for organization and to share code between revisions of the same keyboard. You can nest folders up to 4 levels deep: -## Keyboard Defaults + qmk_firmware/keyboards/top_folder/sub_1/sub_2/sub_3/sub_4 -Given the amount of functionality that QMK exposes it's very easy to confuse new users. When putting together the default firmware for your keyboard we recommend limiting your enabled features and options to the minimal set needed to support your hardware. Recommendations for specific features follow. +If a sub-folder has a `rules.mk` file it will be considered a compilable keyboard. It will be available in QMK Configurator and tested with `make all`. If you are using a folder to organize several keyboards from the same maker you should not have a `rules.mk` file. -### Bootmagic and Command +Example: -[Bootmagic](feature_bootmagic.md) and [Command](feature_command.md) are two related features that allow a user to control their keyboard in non-obvious ways. We recommend you think long and hard about if you're going to enable either feature, and how you will expose this functionality. Keep in mind that users who want this functionality can enable it in their personal keymaps without affecting all the novice users who may be using your keyboard as their first programmable board. +Clueboard uses sub-folders for both purposes, organization and keyboard revisions. -By far the most common problem new users encounter is accidentally triggering Bootmagic while they're plugging in their keyboard. They're holding the keyboard by the bottom, unknowingly pressing in alt and spacebar, and then they find that these keys have been swapped on them. We recommend leaving this feature disabled by default, but if you do turn it on consider setting `BOOTMAGIC_KEY_SALT` to a key that is hard to press while plugging your keyboard in. +* [`qmk_firmware`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/tree/master) + * [`keyboards`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/tree/master/keyboards) + * [`clueboard`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/tree/master/keyboards/clueboard) ← This is the organization folder, there's no `rules.mk` file + * [`60`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/tree/master/keyboards/clueboard/60) ← This is a compilable keyboard, it has a `rules.mk` file + * [`66`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/tree/master/keyboards/clueboard/66) ← This is also compilable- it uses `DEFAULT_FOLDER` to specify `rev3` as the default revision + * [`rev1`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/tree/master/keyboards/clueboard/66/rev1) ← compilable: `make clueboard/66/rev1` + * [`rev2`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/tree/master/keyboards/clueboard/66/rev2) ← compilable: `make clueboard/66/rev2` + * [`rev3`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/tree/master/keyboards/clueboard/66/rev3) ← compilable: `make clueboard/66/rev3` or `make clueboard/66` -If your keyboard does not have 2 shift keys you should provide a working default for `IS_COMMAND`, even when you have set `COMMAND_ENABLE = no`. This will give your users a default to conform to if they do enable Command. +## Keyboard Folder Structure -## Custom Keyboard Programming +Your keyboard should be located in `qmk_firmware/keyboards/` and the folder name should be your keyboard's name as described in the previous section. Inside this folder should be several files: -As documented on [Customizing Functionality](custom_quantum_functions.md) you can define custom functions for your keyboard. Please keep in mind that your users may want to customize that behavior as well, and make it possible for them to do that. If you are providing a custom function, for example `process_record_kb()`, make sure that your function calls the `_user()` version of the call too. You should also take into account the return value of the `_user()` version, and only run your custom code if the user returns `true`. +* `readme.md` +* `info.json` +* `config.h` +* `rules.mk` +* `<keyboard_name>.c` +* `<keyboard_name>.h` + +### `readme.md` + +All projects need to have a `readme.md` file that explains what the keyboard is, who made it and where it's available. If applicable, it should also contain links to more information, such as the maker's website. Please follow the [published template](documentation_templates.md#keyboard-readmemd-template). + +### `info.json` + +This file is used by the [QMK API](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_api). It contains the information [QMK Configurator](https://config.qmk.fm/) needs to display a representation of your keyboard. You can also set metadata here. For more information see the [reference page](reference_info_json.md). + +### `config.h` + +All projects need to have a `config.h` file that sets things like the matrix size, product name, USB VID/PID, description and other settings. In general, use this file to set essential information and defaults for your keyboard that will always work. -## Keyboard Metadata +### `rules.mk` -As QMK grows so does the ecosystem surrounding QMK. To make it easier for projects in that ecosystem to tie into QMK as we make changes we are developing a metadata system to expose information about keyboards in QMK. +The presence of this file means that the folder is a keyboard target and can be used in `make` commands. This is where you setup the build environment for your keyboard and configure the default set of features. -You can create `info.json` files at every level under `qmk_firmware/keyboards/<name>` to specify this metadata. These files are combined, with more specific files overriding keys in less specific files. This means you do not need to duplicate your metadata information. For example, `qmk_firmware/keyboards/clueboard/info.json` specifies `manufacturer` and `maintainer`, while `qmk_firmware/keyboards/clueboard/66/info.json` specifies more specific information about Clueboard 66%. +### `<keyboard_name.c>` -### `info.json` Format +This is where you will write custom code for your keyboard. Typically you will write code to initialize and interface with the hardware in your keyboard. If your keyboard consists of only a key matrix with no LEDs, speakers, or other auxillary hardware this file can be blank. -The `info.json` file is a JSON formatted dictionary with the following keys available to be set. You do not have to set all of them, merely the keys that apply to your keyboard. +The following functions are typically defined in this file: -* `keyboard_name` - * A free-form text string describing the keyboard. - * Example: `Clueboard 66%` -* `url` - * A URL to the keyboard's product page, [QMK.fm/keyboards](https://qmk.fm/keyboards) page, or other page describing information about the keyboard. -* `maintainer` - * GitHub username of the maintainer, or `qmk` for community maintained boards -* `width` - * Width of the board in Key Units -* `height` - * Height of the board in Key Units -* `layouts` - * Physical Layout representations. See the next section for more detail. +* `void matrix_init_kb(void)` +* `void matrix_scan_kb(void)` +* `bool process_record_kb(uint16_t keycode, keyrecord_t *record)` +* `void led_set_kb(uint8_t usb_led)` -#### Layout Format +### `<keyboard_name.h>` -Within our `info.json` file the `layouts` portion of the dictionary contains several nested dictionaries. The outer layer consists of QMK layout macros, for example `LAYOUT_ansi` or `LAYOUT_iso`. Within each layout macro are keys for `width`, `height`, and `key_count`, each of which should be self-explanatory. +This file is used to define the matrix for your keyboard. You should define at least one C macro which translates an array into a matrix representing the physical switch matrix for your keyboard. If it's possible to build your keyboard with multiple layouts you should define additional macros. -* `width` - * Optional: The width of the layout in Key Units -* `height` - * Optional: The height of the layout in Key Units -* `key_count` - * **Required**: The number of keys in this layout -* `layout` - * A list of Key Dictionaries describing the physical layout. See the next section for more details. +If you have only a single layout you should call this macro `LAYOUT`. -#### Key Dictionary Format +When defining multiple layouts you should have a base layout, named `LAYOUT_all`, that supports all possible switch positions on your matrix, even if that layout is impossible to build physically. This is the macro you should use in your `default` keymap. You should then have additional keymaps named `default_<layout>` that use your other layout macros. This will make it easier for people to use the layouts you define. -Each Key Dictionary in a layout describes the physical properties of a key. If you are familiar with the Raw Code for <http://keyboard-layout-editor.com> you will find many of the concepts the same. We re-use the same key names and layout choices wherever possible, but unlike keyboard-layout-editor each key is stateless, inheriting no properties from the keys that came before it. +Layout macro names are entirely lowercase, except for the word `LAYOUT` at the front. -All key positions and rotations are specified in relation to the top-left corner of the keyboard, and the top-left corner of each key. +As an example, if you have a 60% PCB that supports ANSI and ISO you might define the following layouts and keymaps: -* `X` - * **Required**: The absolute position of the key in the horizontal axis, in Key Units. -* `Y` - * **Required**: The absolute position of the key in the vertical axis, in Key Units. -* `W` - * The width of the key, in Key Units. Ignored if `ks` is provided. Default: `1` -* `H` - * The height of the key, in Key Units. Ignored if `ks` is provided. Default: `1` -* `R` - * How many degrees clockwise to rotate the key. -* `RX` - * The absolute position of the point to rotate the key around in the horizontal axis. Default: `x` -* `RY` - * The absolute position of the point to rotate the key around in the vertical axis. Default: `y` -* `KS` - * Key Shape: define a polygon by providing a list of points, in Key Units. - * **Important**: These are relative to the top-left of the key, not absolute. - * Example ISO Enter: `[ [0,0], [1.5,0], [1.5,2], [0.25,2], [0.25,1], [0,1], [0,0] ]` +| Layout Name | Keymap Name | Description | +|-------------|-------------|-------------| +| LAYOUT_all | default | A layout that supports both ISO and ANSI | +| LAYOUT_ansi | default_ansi | An ANSI layout | +| LAYOUT_iso | default_iso | An ISO layout | -### How is the Metadata Exposed? +## Image/Hardware Files + +In an effort to keep the repo size down we're no longer accepting binary files of any format, with few exceptions. Hosting them elsewhere (such as <https://imgur.com>) and linking them in the `readme.md` is preferred. + +Hardware files (such as plates, cases, pcb) can be contributed to the [qmk.fm repo](https://github.com/qmk/qmk.fm) and they will be made available on [qmk.fm](http://qmk.fm). Downloadable files are stored in `/<keyboard>/` (name follows the same format as above) which are served at `http://qmk.fm/<keyboard>/`, and pages are generated from `/_pages/<keyboard>/` which are served at the same location (.md files are generated into .html files through Jekyll). Check out the `lets_split` folder for an example. + +## Keyboard Defaults + +Given the amount of functionality that QMK exposes it's very easy to confuse new users. When putting together the default firmware for your keyboard we recommend limiting your enabled features and options to the minimal set needed to support your hardware. Recommendations for specific features follow. + +### Bootmagic and Command + +[Bootmagic](feature_bootmagic.md) and [Command](feature_command.md) are two related features that allow a user to control their keyboard in non-obvious ways. We recommend you think long and hard about if you're going to enable either feature, and how you will expose this functionality. Keep in mind that users who want this functionality can enable it in their personal keymaps without affecting all the novice users who may be using your keyboard as their first programmable board. + +By far the most common problem new users encounter is accidentally triggering Bootmagic while they're plugging in their keyboard. They're holding the keyboard by the bottom, unknowingly pressing in alt and spacebar, and then they find that these keys have been swapped on them. We recommend leaving this feature disabled by default, but if you do turn it on consider setting `BOOTMAGIC_KEY_SALT` to a key that is hard to press while plugging your keyboard in. -This metadata is primarily used in two ways: +If your keyboard does not have 2 shift keys you should provide a working default for `IS_COMMAND`, even when you have set `COMMAND_ENABLE = no`. This will give your users a default to conform to if they do enable Command. -* To allow web-based configurators to dynamically generate UI -* To support the new `make keyboard:keymap:qmk` target, which bundles this metadata up with the firmware to allow QMK Toolbox to be smarter. +## Custom Keyboard Programming -Configurator authors can see the [QMK Compiler](https://docs.compile.qmk.fm/api_docs.html) docs for more information on using the JSON API. +As documented on [Customizing Functionality](custom_quantum_functions.md) you can define custom functions for your keyboard. Please keep in mind that your users may want to customize that behavior as well, and make it possible for them to do that. If you are providing a custom function, for example `process_record_kb()`, make sure that your function calls the `_user()` version of the call too. You should also take into account the return value of the `_user()` version, and only run your custom code if the user returns `true`. ## Non-Production/Handwired Projects |